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(1) Proper wetting of oil-bearing formations, (2) microemulsion formation and solubilization properties, (3) ease of emulsion breaking after oil recovery.

The properties and applications of surfactants are determined by the balance between the lyophilic (‘‘solvent-loving’’  and lyophobic (‘‘solvent-hating’’) portions of the molecules. (There are also water-loving hydrophilic, water-hating hydrophobic, fat-loving lipophilic, and fat-hating lipophobic).

For that reason, such characteristics as solubility, surface tension reducing capability, critical micelle concentration (cmc), detergency power, wetting control, and foaming capacity may make a given surfactant perform well in some applications and less well in others. The ‘‘univer-
sal’’ surfactant that meets all the varied needs of surfactant applications has yet to emerge from the industrial or academic laboratory.

MES performance over salinity, HCl,
salinity factor variable: (10.000, 20.000, 30.000 ppm), kesadahan (100, 300, 500 ppm), dan HCl (5, 10, 15%).
(1) interfacial tension (IFT)
(2) phase behaviour
(3) adsorption

Spectrophotometric Determination of Cationic and Anionic Surfactants with Anionic Dyes in the Presence of Nonionic Surfactants, Part I: A General Aspect
Shoji Motomizu, Mitsuko Oshima, and Yasuhiro Hosoi. Mikrochim Acta 106, 57-66 (1992)
…The addition of alcohols, organic onium ions, anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants brought about a decrease of the band at wavelengths near 480 nm and an increase of the band at wavelengths near 420 nm. Such a shift toward the shorter wavelengths in spectra was attributed to the change of the micro-environment around the dyes from a polar field to a less polar field…

Several techniques such as flame atomic absorption and voltammetric methods have been used for the determination of these ions in different samples. The cross-interferences among different metal species often cause problem using these methods, which in turn raise the uncertainty level in the analytical results. Further more, those techniques require expensive instrumentation and maintenance, which limit the application of the techniques in many laboratories.

Application of Artificial Neural Network to Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Lead(II) and Mercury(II) Based on 2-(5-Bromo-2-Piridylazo)-5-Diethylaminophenol
Azizul Isha, Nor Azah Yusof, Mazura Abdul Malik, Hazlina Hamdan. Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 2006, Vol. 8, No. 1, 072 – 079
…A feed forward neural network using back-propagation algorithm: input layer: 13 neurons, 10 hidden layer neurons; output layer: 2 neurons…
MJC8_072-079.pdf

spectrophotometry is the quantifiable study of electromagnetic spectra. More specific than the general term electromagnetic spectroscopy in that spectrophotometry deals with visible light, near-ultraviolet, and near-infrared.

Dynamic interfacial tension behavior of acidified oil/surfactant-enhanced alkaline systems 1. Experimental studies
Youssef Touhami, Vladimir Hornof, Graham H. Neale. Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 132 (1998) 61-74
Colloid and survaces.pdf

Determination of Cationic Surfactant by Laser Thermal Lens Spectrometry
Chinese Chemical Letters Vol. 13, No. 11, pp 1107 – 1110, 2002. Hong Tao YAN*, Ying ZHANG, Yang YAN
131125-1107-02-133-p4.pdf

Surfactant Science and Technology
3rd edition. Myers, Drew 2006
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA.
Surfactant_Science_and_Technol.pdf